{"id":20,"date":"2023-08-29T07:37:39","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T07:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/projectsofar.info\/filecointldrblog\/?p=20"},"modified":"2024-02-26T18:18:56","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T18:18:56","slug":"decentralized-compute-what-it-unlocks-and-why-it-matters-now","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.filecointldr.io\/en\/article\/decentralized-compute-what-it-unlocks-and-why-it-matters-now\/","title":{"rendered":"Decentralized Compute: What It Unlocks and Why It Matters Now"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"featured-figcaption-block wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Editor\u2019s Note: This article draws heavily from David Aronchick\u2019s&nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: rgba(19, 94, 150, 0.2);\">presentation at<\/span> the Filecoin Unleashed Paris 2023. David is the CEO of&nbsp;Expanso and former head of Compute-over-data at Protocol Labs which is responsible for the launch of&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.bacalhau.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>the Bacalhau project<\/em><\/a><em>. This blog post represents the independent view of the creator of the original content, who has given permission for this re-publication.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The world will store more than 175 zettabytes of data by 2025, according to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.idc.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IDC<\/a>. That\u2019s a lot of data, precisely 175 trillion 1GB USB sticks. Most of this data will be generated between 2020 and 2025, with an estimated compound annual growth of&nbsp;61%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rapidly growing data sphere broadly poses two major challenges today:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Moving data is slow and expensive<\/strong>. If you attempted to download 175 zettabytes at current bandwidth, it would take you roughly 1.8 billion&nbsp;years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Compliance is hard.&nbsp;<\/strong>There are hundreds of data-related governances worldwide which makes compliance across jurisdictions an impossible task.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The combined result of poor network growth and regulatory constraints is that nearly 68% of enterprise&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.seagate.com\/in\/en\/news\/news-archive\/seagates-rethink-data-report-reveals-that-68-percent-of-data-available-to-businesses-goes-unleveraged-pr-master\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">data<\/a>&nbsp;is unused. That\u2019s precisely why moving compute resources to where the data is stored (broadly referred to as compute-over-data) rather than moving data to the place of computation becomes all the more important, something which&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.filecoin.io\/basics\/what-is-filecoin\/programming-on-filecoin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">compute-over-data<\/a>&nbsp;(CoD) platforms like&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bacalhau.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bacalhau<\/a>&nbsp;are working&nbsp;on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the upcoming sections, we will briefly&nbsp;cover:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How organizations are currently handling data&nbsp;today<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Propose alternative solutions based on compute-over-data<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lastly, postulate why decentralized computation matters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-present-nbsp-scenario\">The Present&nbsp;Scenario<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are three main ways in which organizations are navigating the challenges of data processing today\u200a\u2014\u200anone of which are&nbsp;ideal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-using-centralized-systems\">Using Centralized Systems<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common approach is to lean on centralized systems for large-scale data processing. We often see enterprises use a combination of compute frameworks\u200a\u2014\u200aAdobe Spark, Hadoop, Databricks, Kubernetes, Kafka, Ray, and more\u200a\u2014\u200aforming a network of clustered systems that are attached to a centralized API server. However, such systems fall short of effectively addressing network irregularities and other regulatory concerns around data mobility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is partly responsible for companies coughing up&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.csoonline.com\/article\/567531\/the-biggest-data-breach-fines-penalties-and-settlements-so-far.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">billions<\/a>&nbsp;of dollars in governance fines and penalties for data breaches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-it-themselves\">Building It Themselves<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An alternative approach is for developers to build custom orchestration systems that possess the awareness and robustness the organizations need. This is a novel approach but such systems are often exposed to risks of failure by an over-reliance on a few individuals to maintain and run the&nbsp;system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-doing-nothing\">Doing Nothing<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Surprisingly, more often than not, organizations do nothing with their data. A single city, for example, may collect several petabytes of data from CCTV recordings a day and only view them on local machines. The city does not archive or process these recordings because of the enormous costs involved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-truly-decentralized-compute\">Building Truly Decentralized Compute<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are 2 main solutions to the data processing pain&nbsp;points.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-solution-1-nbsp-build-on-top-of-nbsp-open-source-compute-over-data-platforms\"><strong>Solution 1:<\/strong>&nbsp;Build on top of&nbsp;<strong>open-source compute-over-data platforms<\/strong>.<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/filecointldr.io\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-images-1.medium.com%2Fmax%2F1024%2F1*oCqFPO8MXUvnPWcDI8wYMQ.png&amp;w=3840&amp;q=75\" alt=\"Filecoin TLDR blog\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/filecointldr.io\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-images-1.medium.com%2Fmax%2F1024%2F1*oCqFPO8MXUvnPWcDI8wYMQ.png&amp;w=3840&amp;q=75\" alt=\"Filecoin TLDR blog\"\/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Solution 1: Open Source Compute Over Data Platforms<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead of using a custom orchestration system as specified earlier, developers can use an open-source decentralized data platform for computation. Because it is <strong>open source and extensible<\/strong>, companies can build just the components they need. This setup caters to&nbsp;<strong>multi-cloud, multi-compute, non-data-center scenarios<\/strong>&nbsp;with the ability to navigate complex regulatory landscapes. Importantly, access to open-source communities makes the system less vulnerable to breakdowns as maintenance is no longer dependent on one or a few developers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-solution-2-nbsp-build-on-top-of-decentralized-data-protocols\"><strong>Solution 2:&nbsp;<\/strong>Build on top of <strong>decentralized data protocols.<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the help of advanced computational projects like Bacalhau and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/bacalhau-project\/lilypad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lilypad<\/a>, developers can go a step further and build systems not just on top of open-source data platforms as mentioned in Solution 1, but on truly decentralized data protocols like the Filecoin&nbsp;network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/filecointldr.io\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-images-1.medium.com%2Fmax%2F1024%2F1*nd8vcfTUJuAXBQhUz4gSOg.png&amp;w=3840&amp;q=75\" alt=\"Filecoin TLDR blog\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/filecointldr.io\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-images-1.medium.com%2Fmax%2F1024%2F1*nd8vcfTUJuAXBQhUz4gSOg.png&amp;w=3840&amp;q=75\" alt=\"Filecoin TLDR blog\"\/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Solution 2: Decentralized Compute Over Data Protocols<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What this means is that organizations can leverage decentralized protocols that understand how to orchestrate and describe user problems in a much more granular way and thereby unlock a universe of compute right next to where data is generated and stored. This switchover from data centers to decentralized protocols can be carried out ideally with very few changes to the data scientists\u2019 experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-decentralization-is-about-maximizing-choices\">Decentralization is About Maximizing Choices<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By deploying on decentralized protocols like the Filecoin network, the vision is that clients can access hundreds (or thousands) of machines spread across geographies on the same network, following the same protocol rules as the rest. This essentially unlocks a sea of options for data scientists as they can request the network&nbsp;to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Select a dataset from anywhere in the&nbsp;world<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Comply with any governance structures, be it HIPAA, GDPR, or&nbsp;FISMA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Run at the cheapest rates&nbsp;possible<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/filecointldr.io\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-images-1.medium.com%2Fmax%2F1024%2F1*uZ5oNFzl2jEui9fp04FA5Q.png&amp;w=3840&amp;q=75\" alt=\"Filecoin TLDR blog\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/filecointldr.io\/_next\/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-images-1.medium.com%2Fmax%2F1024%2F1*uZ5oNFzl2jEui9fp04FA5Q.png&amp;w=3840&amp;q=75\" alt=\"Filecoin TLDR blog\"\/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Juan\u2019s Triangle | Decoding Acronyms: FHE (Fully Homomorphic Encryption), MPC (Multi-Party Compute), TEE (Trusted Execution Environment), ZKP (Zero-Knowledge Proofs)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The concept of maximizing choices brings us to what\u2019s called \u201cJuan\u2019s triangle,\u201d a term coined after Protocol Labs\u2019 founder Juan Benet for his&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-d4iJm-RbyA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">explanation<\/a>&nbsp;of why different use cases will have (in the future) different decentralized compute networks backing&nbsp;them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Juan\u2019s triangle explains that compute networks often have to trade off between 3 things: privacy, verifiability, and performance. The traditional one-size-fits-all approach for every use case is hard to apply. Rather, the modular nature of decentralized protocols enables different decentralized networks (or sub-networks) that fulfill different user requirements\u200a\u2014\u200abe it privacy, verifiability, or performance. Eventually, it is up to us to optimize for what we think is important. Many service providers across the spectrum (shown in boxes within the triangle) fill these gaps and make decentralized compute a&nbsp;reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In summary,<\/strong>&nbsp;data processing is a complex problem that begs out-of-the-box solutions. Utilizing open-source compute-over-data platforms as an alternative to traditional centralized systems is a good first step. Ultimately, deploying on decentralized protocols like the Filecoin network unlocks a universe of compute with the freedom to plug and play computational resources based on individual user requirements, something that is crucial in the age of Big Data and&nbsp;AI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Follow the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cod.cloud\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CoD working group<\/a>\u00a0for all the latest updates on decentralized compute platforms. To learn more about recent developments in the Filecoin ecosystem, tune into\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/filecointldr.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">our blog<\/a>\u00a0and follow us on social media at\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/FilecoinTLDR?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">TL;DR<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BacalhauProject?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bacalhau<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Lilypad_Tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lilypad<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ExpansoIO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Expanso<\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/codworkinggroup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">COD\u00a0WG<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=Mzg4MTExNjkyOQ==&amp;mid=2247487351&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=b4e20ea4b5fa5718c02af97a14261157&amp;chksm=cf6b9d19f81c140f1183bfdf31c5d57175c32c9cabc58a79c0dcc28951134bbe4d9a5a2fe229&amp;token=2057143164&amp;lang=zh_CN#rd\">\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf3Filecoin\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff1a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u6f5c\u529b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Editor\u2019s Note: This article draws heavily from David Aronchick\u2019s&nbsp;presentation at the Filecoin Unleashed Paris 2023. David is the CEO of&nbsp;Expanso and former head of Compute-over-data at Protocol Labs which is responsible for the launch of&nbsp;the Bacalhau project. This blog post represents the independent view of the creator of the original content, who has given permission [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":21,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,1],"tags":[41,24,22,13],"class_list":["post-20","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","category-blog","tag-analysis","tag-compute","tag-decentralized","tag-filecoin"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.1 (Yoast SEO v27.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Decentralized Compute: What It Unlocks and Why It Matters Now | by Savan Chokkalingam | Aug, 2023 | Filecoin TL;DR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The world will store more than 175 zettabytes of data by 2025, according to IDC. 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